---
title: Duke Richard has slain this man and taken his horse, for indeed ther… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Duke Richard has slain this man and taken his horse, for indeed there is no better horse in all the world. Who acts: Duke, better horse. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 63

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Duke Richard has slain this man and taken his horse, for indeed there is no better horse in all the world.

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**Who acts:** Duke, better horse · **What happens:** slay, take, be · **To what, where:** man, horse

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke, better horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:24:63
# text = Duke Richard has slain this man and taken his horse, for indeed there is no better horse in all the world.
1	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Richard	Richard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	slain	slay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	15	expl	_	_
15	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
16	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	18	det	_	_
17	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	18	amod	_	_
18	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	22	det:predet	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slay** | present · perfect | Duke | this man |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient |
| 2 | **take** | participle | Duke *not said here* |  | Duke's horse |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument horse=Destination |
| 3 | **be** | present | no better horse in all world |  |  | there |  | indeed *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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