--- title: Meanwhile Duke Richard considered within himself by what means he mi… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics description: Meanwhile Duke Richard considered within himself by what means he might cross the bridge, and was in great perplexity, "for," said he, "I do not see how I may win forward, nor may I return, and so fail in my promise to Roland. Who acts: Meanwhile, drawbridge, my. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagn --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/24/81/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/) / [Of Richard of Normandy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/24/) / 81 # Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 81 Meanwhile Duke Richard considered within himself by what means he might cross the bridge, and was in great perplexity, "for," said he, "I do not see how I may win forward, nor may I return, and so fail in my promise to Roland. **Who acts:** Meanwhile, drawbridge, my · **What happens:** consider, mean, cross, be, say, not see · **To what, where:** bridge, great perplexity, promise · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Meanwhile, drawbridge, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg75339:24:81 # text = Meanwhile Duke Richard considered within himself by what means he might cross the bridge, and was in great perplexity, "for," said he, "I do not see how I may win forward, nor may I return, and so fail in my promise to Roland. 1 Meanwhile Meanwhile PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 Duke Duke PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 Richard Richard PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 4 considered consider VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 within within ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 4 obl _ _ 7 by by SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 8 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 9 nsubj _ _ 9 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 10 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 11 might might AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 12 cross cross VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 ccomp _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 bridge bridge NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 17 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 perplexity perplexity NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 22 " " PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 23 for for ADP IN _ 20 case _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 25 " " PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ 26 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 27 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 29 " " PUNCT `` _ 33 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 30 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 31 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 32 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 33 advmod _ _ 33 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 conj _ _ 34 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 37 advmod _ _ 35 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 36 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 37 win win VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 33 advcl _ _ 38 forward forward ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 40 nor nor CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 43 cc _ _ 41 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 42 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 43 return return VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 33 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 44 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 46 so so ADV RB _ 47 advmod _ _ 47 fail fail VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 48 in in ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 50 nmod:poss _ _ 50 promise promise NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 obl _ _ 51 to to ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 Roland Roland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 50 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 53 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **consider** | past | Meanwhile and Duke Richard | | | | | within Richard | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **mean** | present | | | | | | what *nsubj* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **cross** | might | drawbridge | the bridge | | | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bridge=Patient | | 4 | **is** | past | | | | great perplexity | | | tree rules | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | drawbridge | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **not** **see** *in a quote* | present · do-support | drawbridge | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 7 | **win** *in a quote* | may | drawbridge | | | | | forward *property* | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **return** *in a quote* | may | drawbridge | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **fail** *in a quote* | infinitive | Meanwhile and Duke Richard *not said here* | | | my promise to Roland | | | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V PP.eventuality S\_ING»: agent=Agent in promise=Eventuality | | 10 | **promise** *in a quote* | | my | | | | | to Roland | nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent to=obl | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 80](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/24/80/) - next →: [sentence 82](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/24/82/) - ↑ back to [Of Richard of Normandy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/24/)