---
title: And looking about him, he saw how the whole land was covered with mu… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: And looking about him, he saw how the whole land was covered with multitudes of Saracens, of whom some were now but a little space behind him. Who acts: God, some. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy, with its dependency
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 83

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And looking about him, he saw how the whole land was covered with multitudes of Saracens, of whom some were now but a little space behind him.

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**Who acts:** God, some · **What happens:** look, see, cover, be · **To what, where:** whole land · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (God, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:24:83
# text = And looking about him, he saw how the whole land was covered with multitudes of Saracens, of whom some were now but a little space behind him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	ccomp	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	multitudes	multitude	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Saracens	saracen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	conj	_	_
21	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	23	nsubj	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	acl:relcl	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
28	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | gerund | God *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about God | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent about he=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | God |  |  |  |  | whom  a little space behind land *conj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the whole land |  |  |  | with multitudes of Saracens | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with multitude=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | some |  |  |  |  | now *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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