---
title: While he looked, lo! a white hart came to the river-side, and the ri… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: While he looked, lo! a white hart came to the river-side, and the river, which before had been so much below the bank as a man may conveniently cast a stone, began to rise, and so continued till it came to the very top of the bank and even overflowed it. Who acts: stream, white hart, river, hart. A 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 89

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While he looked, lo! a white hart came to the river-side, and the river, which before had been so much below the bank as a man may conveniently cast a stone, began to rise, and so continued till it came to the very top of the bank and even overflowed it.

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**Who acts:** stream, white hart, river, hart · **What happens:** look, come, be, cast, begin, rise · **To what, where:** river side, bank, stone, top, hart

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stream, white hart, river, hart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:24:89
# text = While he looked, lo! a white hart came to the river-side, and the river, which before had been so much below the bank as a man may conveniently cast a stone, began to rise, and so continued till it came to the very top of the bank and even overflowed it.
1	While	while	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hart	hart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
22	before	before	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
23	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
24	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	29	cop	_	_
25	so	so	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	much	much	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
27	below	below	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	_
30	as	as	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
34	conveniently	conveniently	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	cast	cast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
39	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
40	to	to	PART	TO	_	41	mark	_	_
41	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	so	so	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
45	continued	continue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
46	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
47	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
48	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	advcl	_	_
49	to	to	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
51	very	very	ADV	RB	_	52	advmod	_	_
52	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nmod	_	_
56	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	_
57	even	even	ADV	RB	_	58	advmod	_	_
58	overflowed	overflow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	48	conj	_	_
59	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	58	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | stream |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **come** | past | a white hart |  |  | the river side |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to side=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **is** | past · perfect | the river |  |  | the bank |  | as a man; before *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **cast** | may | the river | a stone |  |  |  | conveniently *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Product |
| 5 | **begin** | past | a white hart *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **rise** | to-infinitive | a white hart *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **continue** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **come** | past | hart |  |  | the top of the bank |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to top=Initial\_Location |
| 9 | **overflow** | past | hart *not said here* | hart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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