--- title: And because there have passed over it certain knights who paid no to… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics description: And because there have passed over it certain knights who paid no toll, and also a messenger who won his way in wonderful fashion across the river, and slew also my own kinsman King Clarion, my master has straitly charged me that I should not by any means suffer any man to pass the bridge unless he --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/) / [How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/) / 16 # Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won, sentence 16 And because there have passed over it certain knights who paid no toll, and also a messenger who won his way in wonderful fashion across the river, and slew also my own kinsman King Clarion, my master has straitly charged me that I should not by any means suffer any man to pass the bridge unless he be known to me." **Who acts:** certain knights, messenger, any · **What happens:** pass, pay, win, slay, charge, mean · **To what, where:** messenger, toll, way, wonderful fashion, own kinsman, master · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (certain knights, messenger, any), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg75339:25:16 # text = And because there have passed over it certain knights who paid no toll, and also a messenger who won his way in wonderful fashion across the river, and slew also my own kinsman King Clarion, my master has straitly charged me that I should not by any means suffer any man to pass the bridge unless he be known to me." 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 2 because because SCONJ IN _ 5 mark _ _ 3 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 5 expl _ _ 4 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 over over ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 8 certain certain ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 knights knight NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 10 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 11 paid pay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 12 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 13 det _ _ 13 toll toll NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 also also ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 messenger messenger NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 19 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 20 nsubj _ _ 20 won win VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 acl:relcl _ _ 21 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 wonderful wonderful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 fashion fashion NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 26 across across ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 slew slay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 32 also also ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 33 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 34 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 kinsman kinsman NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 36 King King PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 appos _ _ 37 Clarion Clarion PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 39 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 40 master master NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nsubj:pass _ _ 41 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 42 straitly straitly ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 43 charged charge VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 31 parataxis _ _ 44 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 43 iobj _ _ 45 that that SCONJ IN _ 47 mark _ _ 46 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 47 nsubj _ _ 47 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 43 advcl _ _ 48 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 47 advmod _ _ 49 by by SCONJ IN _ 51 mark _ _ 50 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 51 nsubj _ _ 51 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 advcl _ _ 52 suffer suffer VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 51 ccomp _ _ 53 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 54 det _ _ 54 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 obj _ _ 55 to to PART TO _ 56 mark _ _ 56 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 52 advcl _ _ 57 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 58 det _ _ 58 bridge bridge NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 obj _ _ 59 unless unless SCONJ IN _ 62 mark _ _ 60 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 62 nsubj:pass _ _ 61 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 62 aux:pass _ _ 62 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 56 advcl _ _ 63 to to ADP IN _ 64 case _ _ 64 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 62 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 65 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 66 " " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pass** | present · perfect | | a messenger | | there | | over certain knights way | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over knight=Location | | 2 | **pay** | past | certain knights way | no toll | | | | | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toll=Asset | | 3 | **win** | past | a messenger | Gallafer's way | | wonderful fashion | | across the river | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality | | 4 | **slay** | past | | my own kinsman | | | | | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kinsman=Patient | | 5 | **charge** | present · perfect · passive | | my master | me | | | straitly *property* | vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP NP.asset»: subject=Recipient i=Asset | | 6 | **mean** | present | any | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **suffer** | infinitive | | any man | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | | 8 | **pass** | to-infinitive | | the bridge | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bridge=Trajectory | | 9 | **know** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive · passive | | Gallafer | me | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/15/) - next →: [sentence 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/17/) - ↑ back to [How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/)