--- title: When Gallafer had said so much, Duke Richard bowed his head to him r… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics description: When Gallafer had said so much, Duke Richard bowed his head to him right courteously, and having so done, passed through the first gate, three others, of whom Duke Reyner was one, following him. Who acts: Duke. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Chur --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/) / [How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/) / 17 # Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won, sentence 17 When Gallafer had said so much, Duke Richard bowed his head to him right courteously, and having so done, passed through the first gate, three others, of whom Duke Reyner was one, following him. **Who acts:** Duke · **What happens:** say, bow, have, pass, be, follow · **To what, where:** Gallafer, head, first gate, one · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg75339:25:17 # text = When Gallafer had said so much, Duke Richard bowed his head to him right courteously, and having so done, passed through the first gate, three others, of whom Duke Reyner was one, following him. 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 4 advmod _ _ 2 Gallafer Gallafer PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 so so ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 much much ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 Duke Duke PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 9 Richard Richard PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 flat _ _ 10 bowed bow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 11 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 13 to to ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ _ 15 right right ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 courteously courteously ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 having have VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 conj _ _ 20 so so ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 done done ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 advcl _ _ 24 through through ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 27 amod _ _ 27 gate gate NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 30 nummod _ _ 30 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 23 obl _ _ 34 Duke Duke PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 35 Reyner Reyner PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 flat _ _ 36 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 37 cop _ _ 37 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 33 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 39 following follow VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 19 parataxis _ _ 40 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 41 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · perfect · passive | | Gallafer | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | | 2 | **bow** | past | Duke | Gallafer's head | Gallafer | | | courteously *property* | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent head=Topic to he=Recipient | | 3 | **have** | gerund | Duke *not said here* | | | | | done *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **pass** | participle | Duke *not said here* | | | the first gate and three others | | whom *obl* | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme through gate=Initial\_Location of whom=Destination | | 5 | **is a** | past | Duke | one | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **follow** | gerund | | Gallafer | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/16/) - next →: [sentence 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/18/) - ↑ back to [How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/)