---
title: When he had so spoken he laid hold of one of the four, and turned hi… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When he had so spoken he laid hold of one of the four, and turned him about four times. Who acts: Gallafer. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won, sentence 24

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When he had so spoken he laid hold of one of the four, and turned him about four times.

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**Who acts:** Gallafer · **What happens:** speak, lay, hold, turn · **To what, where:** Gallafer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gallafer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:25:24
# text = When he had so spoken he laid hold of one of the four, and turned him about four times.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	about	about	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past · perfect | Gallafer |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lay** | past | Gallafer |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hold** | infinitive | Gallafer *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of one of the four | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **turn** | past | Gallafer *not said here* | Gallafer |  |  | time |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme he=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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