--- title: When they were in this strait the Duke Naymes, going to an upper win… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics description: When they were in this strait the Duke Naymes, going to an upper window in the Tower, saw the ensign of St. Denis in the valley beneath, and called to his fellows that they also should come and see it, "for," said he, "without doubt the King is coming to help us." Who acts: Saracens, Duke Naymes, Na --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/26/30/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/) / [Of the End of Balan the Admiral](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/26/) / 30 # Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of Balan the Admiral, sentence 30 When they were in this strait the Duke Naymes, going to an upper window in the Tower, saw the ensign of St. Denis in the valley beneath, and called to his fellows that they also should come and see it, "for," said he, "without doubt the King is coming to help us." **Who acts:** Saracens, Duke Naymes, Naymes, King · **What happens:** be, go, see, call, come, say · **To what, where:** strait, upper window, ensign, valley, fellows, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of Balan the Admiral. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saracens, Duke Naymes, Naymes, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg75339:26:30 # text = When they were in this strait the Duke Naymes, going to an upper window in the Tower, saw the ensign of St. Denis in the valley beneath, and called to his fellows that they also should come and see it, "for," said he, "without doubt the King is coming to help us." 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 6 advmod _ _ 2 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 6 det _ _ 6 strait strait NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 Duke Duke PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 Naymes Naymes PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 going go VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 9 acl _ _ 12 to to ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 upper upper ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 Tower Tower PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 ensign ensign NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 St. St. PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nmod:desc _ _ 25 Denis Denis PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 valley valley NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 29 beneath beneath ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 20 conj _ _ 33 to to ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 fellows fellow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obl _ _ 36 that that SCONJ IN _ 40 mark _ _ 37 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 38 also also ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 39 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 40 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 32 advcl _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 conj _ _ 43 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 44 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 45 " " PUNCT '' _ 40 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 46 for for SCONJ IN _ 49 mark _ SpaceAfter=No 47 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 48 " " PUNCT '' _ 46 punct _ _ 49 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 advcl _ _ 50 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 51 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 52 " " PUNCT '' _ 50 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 53 without without ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 54 doubt doubt NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 obl _ _ 55 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 King King PROPN NNP Number=Sing 58 nsubj _ _ 57 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 58 aux _ _ 58 coming come VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 49 ccomp _ _ 59 to to PART TO _ 60 mark _ _ 60 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 58 advcl _ _ 61 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 60 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 62 . . PUNCT . _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 63 " " PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Saracens *= saracen* | | | this strait | | | tree rules | | 2 | **go** | gerund | the Duke Naymes *not said here* | | | a upper window in the Tower | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to window=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **see** | past | the Duke Naymes | the ensign of Denis St. | | the valley | | beneath *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ensign=Stimulus | | 4 | **call** | participle | the Duke Naymes *not said here* | | Naymes's fellows | | | | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to fellow=Recipient | | 5 | **come** | should | Saracens *= saracen* | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **see** | infinitive | Saracens *= saracen* *not said here* | ensign | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Naymes | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **come** *in a quote* | present · progressive | the King | | | | | without doubt | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **help** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | the King *not said here* | | us | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/26/29/) - next →: [sentence 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/26/31/) - ↑ back to [Of the End of Balan the Admiral](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/26/)