---
title: When he came to the valley where the army of the Saracens lay, the g… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When he came to the valley where the army of the Saracens lay, the guards laid hold of him, but perceiving that he carried a message, straightway let him go. Who acts: Ganelon, army. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of Balan the 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of Balan the Admiral, sentence 40

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When he came to the valley where the army of the Saracens lay, the guards laid hold of him, but perceiving that he carried a message, straightway let him go.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ganelon, army · **What happens:** come, lie, lay, perceive, carry, let · **To what, where:** valley, guards, message, Ganelon

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of Balan the Admiral. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ganelon, army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:26:40
# text = When he came to the valley where the army of the Saracens lay, the guards laid hold of him, but perceiving that he carried a message, straightway let him go.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Saracens	Saracen	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	guards	guard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	perceiving	perceive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	straightway	straightway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
31	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	ccomp	_	_
32	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
33	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Ganelon |  |  | the valley |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to valley=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **lie** | past | the army of the Saracens | the guards and laid hold of Ganelon |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **lay** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **perceive** | gerund | Ganelon *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **carry** | past | Ganelon | a message and straightway |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **let** | infinitive | Ganelon *not said here* | Ganelon |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **go** | infinitive | Ganelon *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **hold** |  |  | Ganelon |  |  |  |  | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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