---
title: The Duke Naymes saw him from a window in the Tower, and said to Rola… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Duke Naymes saw him from a window in the Tower, and said to Roland and Oliver, "Who is this knight that rides so fast." Who acts: Duke Naymes, Roland, knight. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of Balan the Admiral, with its de
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of Balan the Admiral, sentence 46

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The Duke Naymes saw him from a window in the Tower, and said to Roland and Oliver, "Who is this knight that rides so fast."

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**Who acts:** Duke Naymes, Roland, knight · **What happens:** see, say, be, ride · **To what, where:** Ganelon, window, Roland, knight · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of Balan the Admiral. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke Naymes, Roland, knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:26:46
# text = The Duke Naymes saw him from a window in the Tower, and said to Roland and Oliver, "Who is this knight that rides so fast."
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Naymes	Naymes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Tower	Tower	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	24	det	_	_
24	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	rides	ride	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
27	so	so	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the Duke Naymes | Ganelon |  | a window in the Tower |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Duke Naymes *not said here* |  | Roland and Oliver |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to roland=Recipient |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Roland and Oliver | this knight |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **ride** *in a quote* | present | this knight |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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