---
title: When the heathen ambassadors saw him they lighted down from their mu… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When the heathen ambassadors saw him they lighted down from their mules, and paid him homage. Who acts: heathen ambassadors, ambassadors. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas, with its dependency t
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas, sentence 33

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When the heathen ambassadors saw him they lighted down from their mules, and paid him homage.

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**Who acts:** heathen ambassadors, ambassadors · **What happens:** see, light down, pay · **To what, where:** King · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heathen ambassadors, ambassadors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:27:33
# text = When the heathen ambassadors saw him they lighted down from their mules, and paid him homage.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	heathen	heathen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	ambassadors	ambassador	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lighted	light	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	_
9	down	down	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	mules	mule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	homage	homage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the heathen ambassadors | King |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **light down** | participle | ambassadors *= ambassador* |  |  |  |  | from ambassadors's mules | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent from mule=Material |
| 3 | **pay** | past |  |  | King |  |  | homage *obj* | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient homage=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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