---
title: Have we not been in this land of Spain for now seven years, and has… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Have we not been in this land of Spain for now seven years, and has not this King Marsilas always borne himself as a traitor? Who acts: this. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas, with its dependen
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas, sentence 55

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Have we not been in this land of Spain for now seven years, and has not this King Marsilas always borne himself as a traitor?

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**Who acts:** this · **What happens:** have, not be, not bear · **To what, where:** we, land, King

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:27:55
# text = Have we not been in this land of Spain for now seven years, and has not this King Marsilas always borne himself as a traitor?
1	Have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
12	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
18	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	nsubj	_	_
19	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
20	Marsilas	Marsilas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	flat	_	_
21	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	22	advmod	_	_
22	borne	bear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
23	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	22	obj	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present |  | we |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **is** | participle |  |  |  | this land | year | of Spain | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **bear** | past | this | King |  |  |  | as a traitor; always *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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