---
title: So spake the Duke of Bavaria, and all the men of France cried out, "… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: So spake the Duke of Bavaria, and all the men of France cried out, "The Duke has spoken well." Who acts: you, men. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas, sentence 77

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So spake the Duke of Bavaria, and all the men of France cried out, "The Duke has spoken well."

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**Who acts:** you, men · **What happens:** speak, cry out · **To what, where:** Duke · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:27:77
# text = So spake the Duke of Bavaria, and all the men of France cried out, "The Duke has spoken well."
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	spake	speak	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Bavaria	Bavaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
22	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | the Duke of Bavaria |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry out** *speech: express* | past | all men of France |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | the Duke |  |  |  | well *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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