---
title: Over how many countries he has passed! and how many blows has he tak… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Over how many countries he has passed! and how many blows has he taken on his shield, and what mighty kings has he brought to beg their bread! Who acts: One, many blows. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Treason of Ganelon, with its depe
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Treason of Ganelon, sentence 84

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Over how many countries he has passed! and how many blows has he taken on his shield, and what mighty kings has he brought to beg their bread!

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**Who acts:** One, many blows · **What happens:** pass, have, take, bring, beg · **To what, where:** many countries, shield, bread

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Treason of Ganelon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One, many blows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:28:84
# text = Over how many countries he has passed! and how many blows has he taken on his shield, and what mighty kings has he brought to beg their bread!
1	Over	over	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	blows	blow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	xcomp	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
21	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	26	obl	_	_
22	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
24	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	beg	beg	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	advcl	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present · perfect | One |  |  | many countries |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over country=Location |
| 2 | **have** | present | many blows |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **take** | participle | One |  |  | One's shield |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on shield=Destination |
| 4 | **bring** | present · perfect | One |  |  |  |  | what  mighty kings *obl* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **beg** *speech: request* | to-infinitive | One *not said here* | blows's bread |  |  |  |  | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent bread=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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