---
title: And now King Charles had come on his homeward journey to the city of… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: And now King Charles had come on his homeward journey to the city of Volterra (Count Roland had taken it and laid it in ruins three years before). Who acts: Charles, Count. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Plot Against Roland, with i
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Plot Against Roland, sentence 1

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And now King Charles had come on his homeward journey to the city of Volterra (Count Roland had taken it and laid it in ruins three years before).

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**Who acts:** Charles, Count · **What happens:** come, take, lay, journey · **To what, where:** homeward journey, city, ruins

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Plot Against Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles, Count), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:29:1
# text = And now King Charles had come on his homeward journey to the city of Volterra (Count Roland had taken it and laid it in ruins three years before).
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
3	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:desc	_	_
4	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	homeward	homeward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Volterra	Volterra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Count	Count	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
18	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	flat	_	_
19	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	parataxis	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
27	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl:unmarked	_	_
29	before	before	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past · perfect | Charles  King |  |  | Charles's homeward journey |  | to the city of Volterra | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to city=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **take** | past · perfect | Count | city |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **lay** | past | Count *not said here* | city |  | ruins |  | before *property* | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in ruin=Destination |
| 4 | **journey** |  | Charles |  |  |  |  |  | nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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