---
title: He thought that he stood in the pass of Cizra, holding in his hand a… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: He thought that he stood in the pass of Cizra, holding in his hand an ashen spear, and that Ganelon laid hold of it and shook it in such a fashion that it was broken into a thousand pieces, and the fragments flew up to the sky. Who acts: King, Ganelon, fragments. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagn
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Plot Against Roland, sentence 14

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He thought that he stood in the pass of Cizra, holding in his hand an ashen spear, and that Ganelon laid hold of it and shook it in such a fashion that it was broken into a thousand pieces, and the fragments flew up to the sky.

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**Who acts:** King, Ganelon, fragments · **What happens:** think, stand, hold, lay, shake, break · **To what, where:** pass, ashen spear, hand, hold, spear, fashion · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Plot Against Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, Ganelon, fragments), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:29:14
# text = He thought that he stood in the pass of Cizra, holding in his hand an ashen spear, and that Ganelon laid hold of it and shook it in such a fashion that it was broken into a thousand pieces, and the fragments flew up to the sky.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pass	pass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Cizra	Cizra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	ashen	ashen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	Ganelon	Ganelon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
24	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	33	det:predet	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	fashion	fashion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
34	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
35	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj:pass	_	_
36	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux:pass	_	_
37	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	advcl	_	_
38	into	into	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	41	nummod	_	_
41	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	fragments	fragment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	nsubj	_	_
46	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
47	up	up	ADP	RP	_	46	compound:prt	_	_
48	to	to	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past | King |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **stand** | past | King |  |  | the pass of Cizra |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in pass=Location |
| 3 | **hold** | gerund | King *not said here* | a ashen spear |  | King's hand |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent spear=Theme in hand=Location |
| 4 | **lay** | past | Ganelon | hold of hold |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Result |
| 5 | **shake** | past | King *not said here* | spear |  | such fashion |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme in fashion=Trajectory |
| 6 | **break** | past · passive |  | spear |  |  |  | into thousand pieces *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into piece=Result |
| 7 | **fly up** | past | the fragments |  |  |  |  | to the sky *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to sky=Result |
| 8 | **pass** |  |  | Cizra |  |  |  |  | nom pass «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 9 | **hold** |  |  | hold |  |  |  |  | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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