---
title: High were the mountains on either side of the way, and the valleys w… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: High were the mountains on either side of the way, and the valleys were gloomy and dark. Who acts: High mountains. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Plot Against Roland, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Plot Against Roland, sentence 50

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High were the mountains on either side of the way, and the valleys were gloomy and dark.

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**Who acts:** High mountains · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** High mountains, side

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Plot Against Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (High mountains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:29:50
# text = High were the mountains on either side of the way, and the valleys were gloomy and dark.
1	High	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	either	either	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	gloomy	gloomy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | the High mountains |  | either side of the way |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the High mountains |  |  |  |  | the valleys *nsubj*; gloomy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | the High mountains *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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