---
title: And he told the Duke of his dream, how Ganelon had broken the spear… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he told the Duke of his dream, how Ganelon had broken the spear that he held in his hands. Who acts: Roland, Ganelon. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Plot Against Roland, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Plot Against Roland, sentence 59

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And he told the Duke of his dream, how Ganelon had broken the spear that he held in his hands.

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**Who acts:** Roland, Ganelon · **What happens:** tell, break, hold, dream · **To what, where:** Duke, spear, hands · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Plot Against Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, Ganelon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:29:59
# text = And he told the Duke of his dream, how Ganelon had broken the spear that he held in his hands.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	iobj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
11	Ganelon	Ganelon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Roland |  | the Duke of Roland's dream |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent duke=Recipient |
| 2 | **break** | past · perfect | Ganelon | the spear |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spear=Patient |
| 3 | **hold** | past | Roland |  |  | Roland's hands |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hand=Location |
| 4 | **dream** |  | Roland |  |  |  |  |  | nom dream «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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