---
title: They made all haste, marching across the mountains and valleys of Sp… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: They made all haste, marching across the mountains and valleys of Spain till they came in sight of the Standard of France, where Roland and Oliver and the Twelve Peers were ranged in battle array. Who acts: chiefs. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Plot Against Roland, sentence 64

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They made all haste, marching across the mountains and valleys of Spain till they came in sight of the Standard of France, where Roland and Oliver and the Twelve Peers were ranged in battle array.

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**Who acts:** chiefs · **What happens:** make, march, come, range, sight · **To what, where:** haste, mountains, sight, Roland, battle array, Standard

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Plot Against Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chiefs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:29:64
# text = They made all haste, marching across the mountains and valleys of Spain till they came in sight of the Standard of France, where Roland and Oliver and the Twelve Peers were ranged in battle array.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	haste	haste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	marching	march	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Standard	Standard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
25	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	34	advmod	_	_
26	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	Twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	nummod	_	_
32	Peers	Peer	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
33	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	ranged	range	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	array	array	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | chiefs *= chief* | all haste |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset haste=Product |
| 2 | **march** | gerund | chiefs *= chief* *not said here* |  |  | the mountains and valleys of Spain |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across mountain=Trajectory |
| 3 | **come** | past | chiefs *= chief* |  |  | sight of the Standard of France |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sight=Location |
| 4 | **range** | past · passive |  | Roland and Oliver and the Twelve Peers |  | battle array |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **sight** |  |  | the Standard of France |  |  |  |  | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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