---
title: Send a message to the Duke by some prudent man, and when you shall h… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Send a message to the Duke by some prudent man, and when you shall have received his answer, then take counsel what you shall do." Who acts: you, Duke. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Slaying of Lothair, sentence 15

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Send a message to the Duke by some prudent man, and when you shall have received his answer, then take counsel what you shall do."

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**Who acts:** you, Duke · **What happens:** send, receive, take, do, answer · **To what, where:** message, Duke, answer, counsel

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:3:15
# text = Send a message to the Duke by some prudent man, and when you shall have received his answer, then take counsel what you shall do."
1	Send	send	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
9	prudent	prudent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	aux	_	_
17	received	receive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	22	advmod	_	_
22	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
23	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	27	obj	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | imperative | you *not said here* | a message | the Duke |  |  | by some prudent man | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme to duke=Destination |
| 2 | **receive** | shall · perfect | you | Duke's answer |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme |
| 3 | **take** | infinitive |  | counsel |  |  | then |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent counsel=Theme |
| 4 | **do** | shall | you |  |  |  |  | what *obj* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 5 | **answer** |  | Duke |  |  |  |  |  | nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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