---
title: All these four were marvellously fair, witty, and valiant; but the f… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: All these four were marvellously fair, witty, and valiant; but the fairest, wittiest, and most valiant was Reynaud, the eldest born. Who acts: four. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Slaying of Lothair, sentence 4

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All these four were marvellously fair, witty, and valiant; but the fairest, wittiest, and most valiant was Reynaud, the eldest born.

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**Who acts:** four · **What happens:** be, bear · **To what, where:** Reynaud

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (four), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:3:4
# text = All these four were marvellously fair, witty, and valiant; but the fairest, wittiest, and most valiant was Reynaud, the eldest born.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	marvellously	marvellously	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	witty	witty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	valiant	valiant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	fairest	fair	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	wittiest	witty	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	21	amod	_	_
21	valiant	valiant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod:desc	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	Reynaud	Reynaud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	eldest	eld	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	17	csubj	_	_
27	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | all four |  |  |  |  | fair, marvellously *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | all four *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | all four *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | past |  | Reynaud |  |  |  | most valiant *nmod:desc* | tree rules |
| 5 | **bear** | participle | all four *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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