---
title: Lothair said, "God keep King Charles and confound Duke Benes! — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Lothair said, "God keep King Charles and confound Duke Benes! Who acts: Lothair, God. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Slaying of Lothair, sentence 52

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Lothair said, "God keep King Charles and confound Duke Benes!

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**Who acts:** Lothair, God · **What happens:** say, keep, confound · **To what, where:** Charles, Duke · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lothair, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:3:52
# text = Lothair said, "God keep King Charles and confound Duke Benes!
1	Lothair	Lothair	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
7	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:desc	_	_
8	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	confound	confound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
11	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	Benes	Benes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: express* | past | Lothair |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **keep** *in a quote* | infinitive | God | Charles  King |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charles=Theme |
| 3 | **confound** *in a quote* | infinitive | God *not said here* | Duke |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus duke=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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