---
title: He said to his steward, "Bring hither the arms of King Certes, whom… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: He said to his steward, "Bring hither the arms of King Certes, whom I slew at Pampeluna, and put them on him." Who acts: King. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Slaying of Lothair, sentence 83

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He said to his steward, "Bring hither the arms of King Certes, whom I slew at Pampeluna, and put them on him."

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**Who acts:** King · **What happens:** say, bring, slay, put · **To what, where:** steward, arms, Pampeluna · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:3:83
# text = He said to his steward, "Bring hither the arms of King Certes, whom I slew at Pampeluna, and put them on him."
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	steward	steward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
9	hither	hither	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	Certes	Certes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	obj	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Pampeluna	Pampeluna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | King |  | King's steward |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to steward=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **bring** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the arms of King |  |  |  | hither *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent arm=Theme |
| 3 | **slay** *in a quote* | past | King | the arms of King |  | Pampeluna |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Patient |
| 4 | **put** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | arms *= arm* |  |  |  | on King | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme on he=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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