---
title: The Duke Naymes said, "Put no trust in dreams, for they are naught." — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Duke Naymes said, "Put no trust in dreams, for they are naught." Who acts: Duke Naymes, Naymes. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Slaying of Lothair, sentence 93

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The Duke Naymes said, "Put no trust in dreams, for they are naught."

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**Who acts:** Duke Naymes, Naymes · **What happens:** say, put, be · **To what, where:** trust, dreams · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke Naymes, Naymes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:3:93
# text = The Duke Naymes said, "Put no trust in dreams, for they are naught."
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Naymes	Naymes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	trust	trust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	dreams	dream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	naught	naught	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Duke Naymes |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **put** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | no trust |  | dreams |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent trust=Theme in dream=Destination |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Naymes |  |  |  |  | for naught | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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