---
title: Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole a… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen. Who acts: Oliver. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, sentence 1

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Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

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**Who acts:** Oliver · **What happens:** climb, see · **To what, where:** top, whole army

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oliver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:30:1
# text = Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.
1	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	thence	thence	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	heathen	heathen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | Oliver |  |  | the top of a hill |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to top=Destination |
| 2 | **see** | past | Oliver *not said here* |  |  | the whole army of the heathen |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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