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title: Then Oliver turned to Roland, and said, "Sound your horn, my friend,… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Oliver turned to Roland, and said, "Sound your horn, my friend, Charles will hear it, and will return." " Who acts: Oliver, Charles. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, with its dependen
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, sentence 13

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Then Oliver turned to Roland, and said, "Sound your horn, my friend, Charles will hear it, and will return." "

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**Who acts:** Oliver, Charles · **What happens:** turn, say, sound, hear, return · **To what, where:** Roland, horn, friend · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oliver, Charles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:30:13
# text = Then Oliver turned to Roland, and said, "Sound your horn, my friend, Charles will hear it, and will return." "
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Sound	sound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	return	return	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	_
28	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | Oliver |  | Roland |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Oliver *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **sound** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | your horn and my friend |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location horn=Theme |
| 4 | **hear** *in a quote* | future | Charles | friend |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 5 | **return** *in a quote* | future |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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