---
title: These evil-minded heathen are gathered together against us to their… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: These evil-minded heathen are gathered together against us to their own hurt. Who acts: kinsmen. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, sentence 22

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These evil-minded heathen are gathered together against us to their own hurt.

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**Who acts:** kinsmen · **What happens:** gather, hurt · **To what, where:** minded heathen

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kinsmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:30:22
# text = These evil-minded heathen are gathered together against us to their own hurt.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
2	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	minded	minded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	heathen	heathen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	together	together	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	hurt	hurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | present · passive |  | this minded heathen |  |  |  | against us; to kinsmen's own hurt; together *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to hurt=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **hurt** |  | kinsmen *= kinsman* |  |  |  |  |  | nom hurt «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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