---
title: Then he turned to the men of France, and spake: "Lords of France, Ki… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he turned to the men of France, and spake: "Lords of France, King Charles has left us here; our King he is, and it is our duty to die for him. Who acts: Turpin, spake, King. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the Fren
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/30/36/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/) / [How the Heathen and the French Prepare…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/30/) / 36

# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, sentence 36

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then he turned to the men of France, and spake: "Lords of France, King Charles has left us here; our King he is, and it is our duty to die for him.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Turpin, spake, King · **What happens:** turn, leave, be, die · **To what, where:** us, duty · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Turpin, spake, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:30:36
# text = Then he turned to the men of France, and spake: "Lords of France, King Charles has left us here; our King he is, and it is our duty to die for him.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	spake	speak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Lords	lord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod:desc	_	_
19	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
20	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
22	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	iobj	_	_
23	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
25	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	flat	_	_
28	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
32	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
33	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	duty	duty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	acl	_	_
37	for	for	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | Turpin |  |  |  | then | to the men of France | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** *in a quote* | present · perfect | spake |  | us | here |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |
| 3 | **be** *in a quote* | present | our King |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | spake *= speak* | our duty |  |  |  | our *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 5 | **die** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Turpin *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for Turpin | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for he=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/30/35/)
- next →: [sentence 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/30/37/)
- ↑ back to [How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/30/)