---
title: A mighty stroke it was, and Roland cried aloud as he dealt it, "Lear… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: A mighty stroke it was, and Roland cried aloud as he dealt it, "Learn now, thou wretch, that King Charles knows well what he does. Who acts: mighty stroke, Roland, thou, Charles. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle, with its depende
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 11

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A mighty stroke it was, and Roland cried aloud as he dealt it, "Learn now, thou wretch, that King Charles knows well what he does.

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**Who acts:** mighty stroke, Roland, thou, Charles · **What happens:** cry, deal, learn, wretch, know, do · **To what, where:** stroke · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mighty stroke, Roland, thou, Charles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:31:11
# text = A mighty stroke it was, and Roland cried aloud as he dealt it, "Learn now, thou wretch, that King Charles knows well what he does.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stroke	stroke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	dealt	deal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
18	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nsubj	_	_
21	wretch	wretch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod:desc	_	_
25	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
27	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	26	advmod	_	_
28	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	30	obj	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | a mighty stroke |  |  |  |  | Roland *nsubj*; aloud *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **deal** | past | Roland | stroke |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **learn** *in a quote* | infinitive | a mighty stroke *not said here* |  |  |  | now |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **wretch** *in a quote* |  | thou |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **know** *in a quote* | present | Charles  King |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **do** *in a quote* | present | Roland |  |  |  |  | what *obj* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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