---
title: Next to Roland for valour and hardihood came Oliver, his companion. — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Next to Roland for valour and hardihood came Oliver, his companion. Who acts: Roland. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 45

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Next to Roland for valour and hardihood came Oliver, his companion.

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**Who acts:** Roland · **What happens:** come

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:31:45
# text = Next to Roland for valour and hardihood came Oliver, his companion.
1	Next	next	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	3	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	valour	valour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hardihood	hardihood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	companion	companion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Roland for valour and hardihood |  |  |  |  | Oliver *nsubj* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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