---
title: Many a heathen warrior did he slay, till at last his spear was shive… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Many a heathen warrior did he slay, till at last his spear was shivered in his hand. " Who acts: heathen warrior. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 46

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Many a heathen warrior did he slay, till at last his spear was shivered in his hand. "

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**Who acts:** heathen warrior · **What happens:** slay, shiver · **To what, where:** Many

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heathen warrior), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:31:46
# text = Many a heathen warrior did he slay, till at last his spear was shivered in his hand. "
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	heathen	heathen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	warrior	warrior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	slay	slay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	shivered	shiver	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slay** | past · do-support | a heathen warrior | Many |  |  |  | warrior *nsubj* | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Patient |
| 2 | **shiver** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  | in warrior's hand; at warrior's last spear | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V PP.stimulus»: at spear=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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