---
title: He was wounded with four several lances, and four times did he swoon… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: He was wounded with four several lances, and four times did he swoon, so that at the last he was constrained to leave the field of battle, that he might call the Count Roland to his aid. Who acts: King. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 64

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He was wounded with four several lances, and four times did he swoon, so that at the last he was constrained to leave the field of battle, that he might call the Count Roland to his aid.

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**Who acts:** King · **What happens:** wound, swoon, constrain, leave, call · **To what, where:** King, last, field, aid · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:31:64
# text = He was wounded with four several lances, and four times did he swoon, so that at the last he was constrained to leave the field of battle, that he might call the Count Roland to his aid.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	wounded	wound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lances	lance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	swoon	swoon	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
16	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	last	last	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	constrained	constrain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
32	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
33	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	parataxis	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	Count	Count	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	xcomp	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wound** | past · passive |  | King |  |  |  | with four several lances | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **swoon** | past · do-support | King |  |  |  | time |  | vn change\_bodily\_state-40.8.4 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **constrain** | past · passive |  | King |  | the last |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Goal |
| 4 | **leave** | to-infinitive |  | the field of battle |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Theme |
| 5 | **call** | might | King |  | King's aid |  |  | the Count Roland *xcomp* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to aid=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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