---
title: But small was the aid which Roland could give him or any one. — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: But small was the aid which Roland could give him or any one. Who acts: Roland. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 65

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But small was the aid which Roland could give him or any one.

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**Who acts:** Roland · **What happens:** be, give · **To what, where:** small aid, King

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:31:65
# text = But small was the aid which Roland could give him or any one.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
7	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	iobj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
13	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | the small aid |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | could | Roland | the small aid | King |  |  | any one *conj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient which=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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