---
title: Their spears are shivered and their swords broken; a full half of th… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Their spears are shivered and their swords broken; a full half of them are dead, and they that are left have no strength remaining in them. Who acts: full half, strength. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle, with its dependency tree
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 72

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Their spears are shivered and their swords broken; a full half of them are dead, and they that are left have no strength remaining in them.

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**Who acts:** full half, strength · **What happens:** shiver, break, be, leave, have, remain · **To what, where:** spears, swords, men, strength

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (full half, strength), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:31:72
# text = Their spears are shivered and their swords broken; a full half of them are dead, and they that are left have no strength remaining in them.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	spears	spear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	shivered	shiver	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	16	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nmod	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	advcl	_	_
23	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
24	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	25	det	_	_
25	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	remaining	remain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	acl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shiver** | present · passive |  | men's spears |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **break** | participle · passive |  | men's swords |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present | a full half of men |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **leave** | present · passive |  | men *= man* |  |  |  | that *nsubj:pass* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **have** | present |  | no strength |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Patient |
| 6 | **remain** | gerund | no strength *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in men *= man* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in they=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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