---
title: Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake th… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground. Who acts: you, Roland, people, many brave men. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Roland Sounded His Horn, sentence 1

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Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

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**Who acts:** you, Roland, people, many brave men · **What happens:** count, see, suffer, lie · **To what, where:** comrade, Oliver, ground · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Roland Sounded His Horn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Roland, people, many brave men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:32:1
# text = Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.
1	Count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
5	grievously	grievously	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	spake	speak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	comrade	comrade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	comrade	comrade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
24	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
25	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
28	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	parataxis	_	_
29	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	xcomp	_	_
30	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **see** | past | Roland |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **suffer** | past · perfect | Roland's people | Roland's comrade and Dear comrade | Oliver |  |  | spake *conj*; grievously, thus *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer comrade=Stimulus |
| 4 | **see** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **lie** *in a quote* | present | many brave men |  |  | the ground |  | dead *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon ground=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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