---
title: Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many vali… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions. Who acts: we, France. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Roland Sounded His Horn, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Roland Sounded His Horn, sentence 2

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Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

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**Who acts:** we, France · **What happens:** mourn, widow, be

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Roland Sounded His Horn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, France), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:32:2
# text = Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.
1	Well	well	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	mourn	mourn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	widowed	widow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
11	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	valiant	valiant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	champions	champion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | may | we |  |  |  |  | for Fair France | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for france=Attribute |
| 2 | **widow** | participle | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn orphan-29.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | France |  |  |  |  | as many valiant champions | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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