---
title: That," said he, "is Roland's horn; he never had sounded it were he n… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: That," said he, "is Roland's horn; he never had sounded it were he not in battle with the enemy." Who acts: King, horn. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Roland Sounded His Horn, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Roland Sounded His Horn, sentence 35

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That," said he, "is Roland's horn; he never had sounded it were he not in battle with the enemy."

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**Who acts:** King, horn · **What happens:** say, be, not sound, not be · **To what, where:** That, horn, battle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Roland Sounded His Horn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, horn), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:32:35
# text = That," said he, "is Roland's horn; he never had sounded it were he not in battle with the enemy."
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	sounded	sound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	parataxis	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past |  | That |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | King | Roland's horn |  |  |  | Roland *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **sound** | past · perfect | King |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **not** **is** | past | horn |  |  | battle |  | with the enemy; King *nsubj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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