---
title: And Duke Naymes cried out, "Roland is in trouble; on my conscience h… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Duke Naymes cried out, "Roland is in trouble; on my conscience he is fighting with the enemy. Who acts: Duke, Roland. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Roland Sounded His Horn, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Roland Sounded His Horn, sentence 44

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And Duke Naymes cried out, "Roland is in trouble; on my conscience he is fighting with the enemy.

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**Who acts:** Duke, Roland · **What happens:** cry out, be, fight · **To what, where:** trouble, conscience · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Roland Sounded His Horn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke, Roland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:32:44
# text = And Duke Naymes cried out, "Roland is in trouble; on my conscience he is fighting with the enemy.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Naymes	Naymes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	conscience	conscience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry out** *speech: express* | past | Duke |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Roland |  |  | trouble |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fight** *in a quote* | present · progressive | Roland |  |  | my conscience |  | with the enemy | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with enemy=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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