---
title: Mighty were their shields, and their lances strong, and the flags th… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Mighty were their shields, and their lances strong, and the flags that they carried were white and red and blue. Who acts: Mighty, flags. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Roland Sounded His Horn, with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Roland Sounded His Horn, sentence 49

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Mighty were their shields, and their lances strong, and the flags that they carried were white and red and blue.

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**Who acts:** Mighty, flags · **What happens:** be, carry · **To what, where:** shields, flags

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Roland Sounded His Horn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mighty, flags), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:32:49
# text = Mighty were their shields, and their lances strong, and the flags that they carried were white and red and blue.
1	Mighty	Mighty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	shields	shield	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	lances	lance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	flags	flag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obj	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	parataxis	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Mighty | men's shields |  |  |  | men *= man* *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | past | flags *= flag* | the flags |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | the flags |  |  |  |  | white *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | the flags *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | the flags *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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