---
title: We have but a short time to live," cried Roland, when he saw the new… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: We have but a short time to live," cried Roland, when he saw the new host advancing to the battle. " Who acts: We, Roland, new host. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Was Slain, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/33/27/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/) / [How Oliver Was Slain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/33/) / 27

# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver Was Slain, sentence 27

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We have but a short time to live," cried Roland, when he saw the new host advancing to the battle. "

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, Roland, new host · **What happens:** have, live, cry, see, advance · **To what, where:** Roland, new host, battle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Was Slain. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, Roland, new host), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:33:27
# text = We have but a short time to live," cried Roland, when he saw the new host advancing to the battle. "
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
11	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
12	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	advancing	advance	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	acl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past |  | Roland |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roland=Topic |
| 4 | **see** *in a quote* | past | Roland | the new host |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer host=Stimulus |
| 5 | **advance** *in a quote* | gerund | the new host *not said here* |  |  | the battle |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to battle=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/33/26/)
- next →: [sentence 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/33/28/)
- ↑ back to [How Oliver Was Slain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/33/)