---
title: And the Caliph, spurring his horse, rode against Oliver and smote hi… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the Caliph, spurring his horse, rode against Oliver and smote him in the middle of his back, making his spear pass right through him. " Who acts: Caliph, spear. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Was Slain, with its dependency 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver Was Slain, sentence 36

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And the Caliph, spurring his horse, rode against Oliver and smote him in the middle of his back, making his spear pass right through him. "

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**Who acts:** Caliph, spear · **What happens:** spur, ride, smite, make, pass · **To what, where:** horse, middle, spear

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Was Slain. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Caliph, spear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:33:36
# text = And the Caliph, spurring his horse, rode against Oliver and smote him in the middle of his back, making his spear pass right through him. "
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Caliph	Caliph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	spurring	spur	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	pass	pass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	xcomp	_	_
26	right	right	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	through	through	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
30	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spur** | gerund | the Caliph *not said here* | Caliph's horse |  |  |  |  | vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient |
| 2 | **ride** | past | the Caliph |  |  |  |  | against Oliver | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **smite** | past | the Caliph *not said here* | horse |  | the middle of Caliph's back |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |
| 4 | **make** | gerund | the Caliph *not said here* | Caliph's spear |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **pass** | present | Caliph's spear *not said here* |  |  |  |  | through Caliph | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through he=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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