---
title: Oliver had lost so much of his blood that he could not any more see… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Oliver had lost so much of his blood that he could not any more see clearly or know who it was that was near him. Who acts: Oliver. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Was Slain, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver Was Slain, sentence 48

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Oliver had lost so much of his blood that he could not any more see clearly or know who it was that was near him.

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**Who acts:** Oliver · **What happens:** lose, not any, see, know, be · **To what, where:** Oliver · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Was Slain. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oliver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:33:48
# text = Oliver had lost so much of his blood that he could not any more see clearly or know who it was that was near him.
1	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	any	any	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
14	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	15	advmod	_	_
15	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	near	near	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past · perfect · passive |  | Oliver |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **any** | could | Oliver |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **see** | infinitive | Oliver *not said here* |  |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **know** | infinitive | Oliver *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | near Oliver; who *nsubj*; blood *nsubj*; that *nsubj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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