---
title: How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can giv… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help. Who acts: I. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Was Slain, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver Was Slain, sentence 5

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How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** be, widow, give · **To what, where:** fair land, help, you

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Was Slain. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:33:5
# text = How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
8	widowed	widow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	bravest	brave	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	iobj	_	_
18	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	19	det	_	_
19	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the fair land |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **widow** | past |  |  |  |  |  | of France; of France's bravest | vn orphan-29.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **give** | can | I | no help | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient help=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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