---
title: But it cost us dear; all the men of France lie dead on the plain, an… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: But it cost us dear; all the men of France lie dead on the plain, and I am wounded to the death. Who acts: battle, men, I. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Archbishop Turpin Died, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Archbishop Turpin Died, sentence 16

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But it cost us dear; all the men of France lie dead on the plain, and I am wounded to the death.

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**Who acts:** battle, men, I · **What happens:** cost, lie, be · **To what, where:** us, plain

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Archbishop Turpin Died. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (battle, men, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:34:16
# text = But it cost us dear; all the men of France lie dead on the plain, and I am wounded to the death.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cost	cost	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	wounded	wounded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	advcl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | past | battle |  | us |  |  | dear *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme we=Value |
| 2 | **lie** | present | all men of France |  |  | the plain |  | dead *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on plain=Location |
| 3 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | to the death; wounded *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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