---
title: Roland's shield they broke and his hauberk; but him they hurt not; n… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Roland's shield they broke and his hauberk; but him they hurt not; nevertheless they did him a grievous injury, for they killed his good steed Veillantif. Who acts: shield, heathen, things. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Archbishop Tu
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Archbishop Turpin Died, sentence 49

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Roland's shield they broke and his hauberk; but him they hurt not; nevertheless they did him a grievous injury, for they killed his good steed Veillantif.

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**Who acts:** shield, heathen, things · **What happens:** break, not hurt, do, kill · **To what, where:** heathen, good steed

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Archbishop Turpin Died. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shield, heathen, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:34:49
# text = Roland's shield they broke and his hauberk; but him they hurt not; nevertheless they did him a grievous injury, for they killed his good steed Veillantif.
1	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	hauberk	hauberk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
28	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	steed	steed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
30	Veillantif	Veillantif	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | Roland's shield |  |  |  |  | things *= thing* *nsubj*; Roland's hauberk *conj* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **hurt** | past | heathen |  |  |  |  | things *= thing* *nsubj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **do** | past | things *= thing* | heathen |  |  |  | a grievous injury *obj*; nevertheless *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **kill** | past | things *= thing* | heathen's good steed |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent steed=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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