---
title: This done, Roland said with many tears, "Oliver, my brave comrade, n… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: This done, Roland said with many tears, "Oliver, my brave comrade, never was there a better knight than you to break a lance, and shatter a shield, to give good counsel to the brave, and to put to shame traitors and cowards." Who acts: Roland, better knight, you. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagn
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Archbishop Turpin Died, sentence 75

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This done, Roland said with many tears, "Oliver, my brave comrade, never was there a better knight than you to break a lance, and shatter a shield, to give good counsel to the brave, and to put to shame traitors and cowards."

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**Who acts:** Roland, better knight, you · **What happens:** do, say, not be, break, shatter, give · **To what, where:** This, lance, shield, good counsel, brave, traitors · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Archbishop Turpin Died. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, better knight, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:34:75
# text = This done, Roland said with many tears, "Oliver, my brave comrade, never was there a better knight than you to break a lance, and shatter a shield, to give good counsel to the brave, and to put to shame traitors and cowards."
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Oliver	oliver	INTJ	UH	_	15	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	comrade	comrade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	22	amod	_	_
22	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
23	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	acl	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	lance	lance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	shatter	shatter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	conj	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	conj	_	_
37	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
39	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	to	to	PART	TO	_	45	mark	_	_
45	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	conj	_	_
46	to	to	PART	TO	_	47	mark	_	_
47	shame	shame	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	xcomp	_	_
48	traitors	traitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obj	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	cowards	coward	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle · passive |  | This |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Roland |  |  |  |  | with many tears; my brave comrade *ccomp* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | past | a better knight |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **break** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you | a lance |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lance=Patient |
| 5 | **shatter** *in a quote* | infinitive | you *not said here* | a shield |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shield=Patient |
| 6 | **give** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | good counsel | the brave |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent counsel=Theme to brave=Recipient |
| 7 | **put** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **shame** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | traitors and cowards |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus traitor=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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