---
title: He opened his eyes but not a word did he speak save this only, "Fell… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: He opened his eyes but not a word did he speak save this only, "Fellow, you are none of ours," and he smote him a mighty blow upon his helmet. Who acts: Roland, eyes, you. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Death of Roland, with its depen
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Death of Roland, sentence 11

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He opened his eyes but not a word did he speak save this only, "Fellow, you are none of ours," and he smote him a mighty blow upon his helmet.

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**Who acts:** Roland, eyes, you · **What happens:** open, speak, save, be, smite · **To what, where:** this, none, fellow · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Death of Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, eyes, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:35:11
# text = He opened his eyes but not a word did he speak save this only, "Fellow, you are none of ours," and he smote him a mighty blow upon his helmet.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
12	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
13	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	obj	_	_
14	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Fellow	fellow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	17	appos	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	ours	our	PRON	PRP	Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
33	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | Roland |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past · do-support | Roland's eyes but a word |  |  |  |  | Roland *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **save** | infinitive | Roland's eyes but a word *not said here* | this |  |  |  | Fellow *parataxis* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | you | none |  |  |  | of ours | tree rules |
| 5 | **smite** | past | Roland | fellow |  |  |  | a mighty blow *obj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer blow=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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