---
title: He raised himself and gathered all his strength together--ah me! how… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: He raised himself and gathered all his strength together--ah me! how pale his face was!--and took in his hand his good sword Durendal. Who acts: Roland, face. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Death of Roland, with its dependency tree an
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/35/16/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/) / [The Death of Roland](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/35/) / 16

# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Death of Roland, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He raised himself and gathered all his strength together--ah me! how pale his face was!--and took in his hand his good sword Durendal.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Roland, face · **What happens:** raise, gather, be, take · **To what, where:** Roland, strength, good sword, hand

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Death of Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, face), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:35:16
# text = He raised himself and gathered all his strength together--ah me! how pale his face was!--and took in his hand his good sword Durendal.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	_
12	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
14	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
15	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
27	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
29	Durendal	Durendal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past | Roland | Roland |  |  |  | me *parataxis* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |
| 2 | **gather** | past | Roland *not said here* | Roland's strength |  |  |  | together *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | Roland's face |  |  |  |  | pale *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **take** | past |  | Roland's good sword |  | Roland's hand |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sword=Value in hand=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/35/15/)
- next →: [sentence 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/35/17/)
- ↑ back to [The Death of Roland](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/35/)