---
title: Then Roland began to bemoan himself, "O my good Durendal," he said,… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Roland began to bemoan himself, "O my good Durendal," he said, "how bright and clear thou art, shining as shines the sun! Who acts: Roland. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Death of Roland, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Death of Roland, sentence 27

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Then Roland began to bemoan himself, "O my good Durendal," he said, "how bright and clear thou art, shining as shines the sun!

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**Who acts:** Roland · **What happens:** begin, bemoan, say, shine · **To what, where:** Roland, sun · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Death of Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:35:27
# text = Then Roland began to bemoan himself, "O my good Durendal," he said, "how bright and clear thou art, shining as shines the sun!
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	bemoan	bemoan	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Durendal	Durendal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
20	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	advcl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
23	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	nsubj	_	_
24	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
27	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
28	shines	shine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	ccomp	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Roland |  |  |  | then |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **bemoan** | to-infinitive | Roland *not said here* | Roland |  |  |  | my good Durendal *obl* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: express* | past | Roland |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **shine** *in a quote* | gerund | Roland *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **shine** *in a quote* | present | Roland *not said here* | the sun |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent sun=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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