---
title: These heathen shall never possess thee; nor shalt thou be held but b… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: These heathen shall never possess thee; nor shalt thou be held but by a Christian hand." Who acts: heathen. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Death of Roland, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Death of Roland, sentence 36

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These heathen shall never possess thee; nor shalt thou be held but by a Christian hand."

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**Who acts:** heathen · **What happens:** not possess, hold · **To what, where:** thee, thou

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Death of Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heathen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:35:36
# text = These heathen shall never possess thee; nor shalt thou be held but by a Christian hand."
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	heathen	heathen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	possess	possess	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	12	cc	_	_
9	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **possess** | shall | this heathen | thee |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thou=Theme |
| 2 | **hold** | shall · passive |  | thou |  |  |  | a Christian hand *conj* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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